TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL, INKLUSI KEUANGAN, DAN KETAHANAN UMKM: TINJAUAN LITERATUR TERSTRUKTUR DAN AGENDA KEBIJAKAN EKONOMI UNTUK INDONESIA

Abstract

Digital transformation and technology-enabled financial services increasingly shape the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly in economies facing financing constraints, capability gaps, and market volatility. This article synthesizes the relationships among digital capabilities, digital financial inclusion, business model innovation, business resilience, and SME economic performance, while deriving policy implications for Indonesia. A structured integrative literature review was conducted on 40 international journal articles indexed in Scopus Q1-Q4, mainly published between 2020 and 2026, alongside several key conceptual references. The literature was coded thematically through an input-process-output logic. The synthesis shows that digitalization does not automatically improve performance; its effects depend on firms’ ability to integrate technology with skills, data governance, strategic orientation, and financing access. Digital financial inclusion can reduce information frictions and widen credit access, but its benefits are stronger when firms possess adequate digital-financial literacy and absorptive capacity. Business model innovation and dynamic capabilities are the main mechanisms that convert technology adoption into economic value. The article proposes an ecosystem-oriented policy framework combining affordable infrastructure, interoperable data and payments, capability development, responsible financing, consumer protection, and incentives for productive innovation